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Storm petrels are seabirds in the family Hydrobatidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Storm petrels have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found in all oceans. They are strictly pelagic, coming to land only when breeding. In the case of most species, little is known of their behaviour and distribution at sea, where they can be hard to find and harder to identify. They are colonial nesters, displaying strong philopatry to their natal colonies and nesting sites. Most species nest in crevices or burrows and all but one species attend the breeding colonies nocturnally. Pairs form long-term monogamous bonds and share incubation and chick feeding duties. Like many species of seabird, nesting is highly protracted with incubation taking up to 50 days and fledging another 70 days after that. Several species of storm petrel are threatened by human activities. One species, the Guadalupe storm petrel, is thought to have gone extinct; the New Zealand storm petrel was presumed extinct until rediscovered in 2003. The principal threats to storm petrels are introduced species, particularly mammals, in their breeding colonies; many storm petrels habitually nest on isolated mammal-free islands and are unable to cope with predators like rats and feral cats. ==Taxonomy== Two subfamilies are traditionally recognized.〔Carboneras, C. (1992) "Family Hydrobatidae (Storm petrels)" pp. 258–265 in ''Handbook of Birds of the World'' Vol 1. Barcelona:Lynx Edicions, ISBN 84-87334-10-5〕 The Oceanitinae are mostly found in southern waters (though the Wilson's storm petrel regularly migrates into the northern hemisphere); there are seven species in five genera. The Hydrobatinae are the two genera ''Hydrobates'' and ''Oceanodroma''. They are largely restricted to the northern hemisphere, although a few can visit or breed a short distance beyond the equator. Cytochrome ''b'' DNA sequence analysis suggests that the family is paraphyletic and may be more accurately treated as distinct families.〔 (Corrigendum )〕 The same study found that the storm petrels are basal within Procellariiformes. The first split was the subfamily Oceanitinae, with the Hydrobatinae splitting from the rest of the order at a later date. Few fossil species have been found, with the earliest being from the Upper Miocene.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「storm petrel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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